Jonathan Walters is the Director for Regional Strategy and Programs in the Middle East and North Africa Region of the World Bank. He joined the World Bank in 1988, and initially worked on macroeconomic reform in West and Central Africa. He then joined the Europe and Central Asia Region just after the break-up of the Soviet Union, where he focused on energy sector reform and Caspian oil and gas development. In 2001, he joined BP in London and worked on relationships with national oil companies and on the design of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative. Mr. Walters returned to the World Bank in 2003, and led a major study ("Connecting East Asia") on infrastructure service provision in East Asia and the Pacific, in collaboration with the Asian Development Bank and the Japan Bank for International Cooperation. He has since held various positions in the MENA Region of The World Bank, and took up his present assignment in July 2010. Prior to joining the World Bank, he was Economic Advisor to the Government of Swaziland on investment climate and trade policy. He has an M.A. in Politics and Philosophy from the University of Oxford, and an M.Sc. in Economics from the University of London.